There are many types of fiber optic connectors, including SC, LC, FC, ST, D4, MU, MT/MPO, etc. These connectors can be divided into single-mode and multi-mode fiber optic connectors according to their structure and purpose. To learn more about the types of fiber optic connectors, click here: Types of the fiber optic adapters.
Next, we will introduce in detail the installation of several different types of fiber optic connectors.
How To Connect Fiber Optic Cable To Connector?
The connection methods for SC, FC, ST, and FT connectors with optical fibers are basically the same. Due to slight structural differences, the LC connector uses a latch mechanism, the FC connector uses a threaded screw mechanism, the SC connector uses a push-pull with latch mechanism, and the ST connector uses a bayonet twist-lock mechanism. These differences result in slight variations in the steps for inserting the optical fiber into the connector. Here, we will use the LC connector as an example to explain the detailed operating steps for connecting it with the optical fiber.
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable with LC Connector
1. Preparatory Work
Prepare the necessary tools, including anhydrous alcohol, fiber strippers, crimping pliers, a fiber cleaver, fiber holders, UV glue（or epoxy）, and a UV lamp.
2. Fiber Inspection
Check the optical fiber for any damage. Avoid pulling or twisting the fiber, and ensure that it is not kinked or bent.
3. Insert boot into the fiber
Remove the connector boot and riveting ring and insert it into the fiber.
4. Inject glue
Use special glue, insert the glue bottle from the tail handle, squeeze the glue bottle until glue overflows from the end of the ceramic ferrule. Remove the glue bottle and set the connector aside for later use.
5. Cleaving the fiber
Removes the protective coating from the fiber optic cable. Uses the cleaver (first jaw of the Miller pliers) to cut the fiber to exact length.
6. Place the optical fiber
Carefully place the cut fiber into the fiber holding block.
Use the second jaw of the Miller pliers to make a stripping mark close to the front of the fiber holding block.
Remove the optical fiber and use pliers to peel off the protective layer of the optical fiber.
Stripping is complete and the fiber is inspected for damage.
Inspection Method:
- Visual Inspection: Use a magnifying glass or a fiber inspection microscope to closely examine the fiber for any visible cracks, chips, or scratches.
- Flex Test: Gently flex the fiber to check for any signs of weakness or breakage. The fiber should remain intact and return to its original shape.
- Light Source Test: Shine a light through one end of the fiber and observe the other end to ensure that the light passes through without any interruptions or significant loss. Caution: Never look directly into the fiber ends when the light source is active, as it can cause serious eye damage.
7.Clean fiber
Use a clean, lint-free wipe to apply an appropriate amount of isopropyl alcohol (optical grade, anhydrous), and then gently wipe the optical fiber. Be careful not to reuse the wipe to avoid secondary contamination.
8. Cutting fixed length fiber
Place the optical fiber in the fiber holding block, aligning the cutting point of the fiber with the positioning mark on the holding block. Then, push the locking piece to secure the fiber.
Place the fiber in the cutting groove of the fiber cleaver and cut the fiber.
Carefully insert the cleaved optical fiber into the connector until the fiber is properly seated.
Use a UV lamp to cure the glue by shining it on the ceramic ferrule end face from a distance of 1-3 cm for at least 10 seconds.
Then, push the push tube forward to lock the fiber in place.
Slide the riveting ring up from the bottom and secure it to lock the fiber.
Straighten the strength members, and tighten the threaded rear housing by 1-2 turns to secure the strength members.
Trim any excess strength members outside, and fully tighten the threaded rear housing.
9. Polishing
After the LC connector and optical fiber are installed, polishing is usually required unless pre-polished connectors are used.
Polishing Methods
- UPC (Ultra Physical Contact): A high-quality polish that reduces signal loss and reflection.
- APC (Angled Physical Contact): A special polish with an 8-degree angle that reduces back reflection.
After polishing, clean the end face again and finally place a dust cap on it. This completes the assembly of the optical fiber and the LC connector.
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable with SC Connector
The steps for connecting an SC optical fiber connector to an optical fiber are basically the same as those for connecting an LC connector. However, due to slight structural differences, the SC connector uses a push-pull with latch mechanism. After inserting the optical fiber into the SC connector, rotate the boot to connect it to the connector head, securing the fiber in place. Then, use the other end of the dust cap to press down the protruding ceramic end face of the fiber. In this state, remove the plug, and insert the outer housing onto the connector. Ensure that the bump mark on the outer housing aligns with the direction of the bump on the coupler to ensure correct installation.
Clean the end face.
Put on the dust cover. Complete the assembly.
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable with FC Connector
The connection steps for the FC fiber connector with the fiber are basically similar to the installation of the LC connector, but due to slight structural differences, the FC connector utilizes a threaded screw mechanism.
Before cutting the fiber to the required length, the connector rear, ferrule, and spring need to be inserted onto the fiber.
After inserting the fiber into the FC connector, use clamping pliers to crimp the connector’s ferrule tightly.
Push the boot onto the ferrule and then rotate the outer housing to tighten it. Subsequently, proceed with steps such as epoxy curing and polishing.
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable with ST Connector
The steps for connecting ST fiber optic connectors to optical fibers are basically the same as those for LC connections and installations, but the structures are slightly different. ST connectors use a bayonet twist-lock mechanism.
With the fiber inserted, align the connector body and the bayonet coupling mechanism. Twist the connector body to lock it into place securely. Ensure the bayonet pins engage properly for a stable connection. Slide the boot over the connector body to provide strain relief and protection to the fiber.
Plug Fiber Connector Into Device
SC fiber optic connector
The SC connector uses a push-pull insertion mechanism. No rotation is required, only axial insertion and extraction are required. This mechanism allows users to quickly and easily connect and disconnect optical fibers with a simple push or pull action. This reduces factors that cause insertion loss, such as lateral misalignment and end face gap.
LC fiber optic connector
The LC connector is made with a modular phone jack mechanism. When operating, insert the pin into the corresponding sleeve and press gently to trigger the latch mechanism until it is firmly and gently clicked to complete the connection. When disconnecting, just reverse the operation to easily complete it.
FC fiber optic connector
The fastening method of the FC fiber optic connector is a screw buckle, which requires manual (requires the use of corresponding tools, such as a wrench) to turn the nut clockwise and tighten it.
ST fiber optic connector
The fastening methods of ST fiber optic connectors include rotary insertion and thread locking mechanisms.
Rotary insertion: Turn the plug part counterclockwise half a turn (about 90 degrees). This rotation action will make the bayonet inside the plug tightly fit with the corresponding slot in the socket, thus achieving physical locking.
Threaded locking mechanism: insert the plug of the ST fiber optic connector into the corresponding adapter slot and fix it by rotating the bayonet half a circle. This design makes the ST connector not easy to fall off during use.
Stephen Xie
Hello, I'm Stephen Xie, a sales representative at Hello Signal. I specialize in Passive Optical Components and Cabinet & Racks. I can recommend the most suitable products at competitive prices, ensuring worry-free service. Feel free to contact me with any questions.
